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James Shairp
James Maitland Shairp (died 1795) was an officer in the British Marines and a member of the First Fleet which founded European settlement in Australia.
Commissioned as a Marines officer in 1778, Shairp volunteered for Australian service in 1787 and spent two years as second in command at Rose Hill, New South Wales, the colony's only inland settlement. In 1789 he was a principal protagonist in the "Criminal Court Affair," a dispute between civilian and military authorities which was a catalyst for the 1792 replacement of the colony's Marine detachment with the New South Wales Corps.
His colonial deployment at an end, Shairp returned to England in 1792 and resumed his service with the Chatham Division of Marines. He was promoted to captain of Marines in 1795, but died later that year.
==Early life==
Shairp was initially commissioned as a second lieutenant, 55 Company, Portsmouth Division on 12 June 1778. On 25 October 1780 he was promoted to first lieutenant and transferred to the 57 Company, also headquartered at Portsmouth.〔Bladen (ed.) 1978, p. 418〕 He was placed on half-pay from 1783 following a reduction in British military forces after the American Revolutionary War, but returned to full pay a year later as First Lieutenant in the Chatham Division of Marines under the command of Major-General Carruthers.〔Moore 1987, p. 300〕〔Correspondence, Admiralty Secretary Phillip Stevens to Marines Commander Lieutenant-General Smith, 20 December 1786. Cited in Bladen (ed.) 1978, p.375〕 In 1785 he was stationed in the Caribbean aboard the 20-gun and the 24-gun .〔Gillen 1989, pp. 325-326〕
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